The Critical Core Mass of Rotating Planets

Abstract The gravitational harmonics measured from the Juno and Cassini spacecraft help us specify internal structure chemical elements of Jupiter Saturn, respectively. However, we still do not know much about impact rotation on planetary as well their formation. centrifugal force induced by deforms shape partially counteracts force. Thus, will affect critical core mass exoplanet. Once atmospheric becomes comparable to mass, planet enter runaway accretion phase become a gas giant. We have confirmed that masses rotating planets depend stiffness polytrope, outer boundary conditions, thickness isothermal layer. with Bondi condition is determined surface properties. increase gravity (i.e., innermost density). For Hill condition, soft polytrope shares same properties condition. Because total for increases decrease polytropic index, higher required planets. As result, in stiff model sharply increases. rotational effects more important when radiative convective regions coexist. Further, (Bondi) noticeably layer thinner (thicker).